Design rules: abstracting away parts of the process
Automated tools for placing, routing, etc.
Hierarchy, parameterization, and regularity of design (e.g.,
replicated bit-slices; 2D structures that can tile and be
connected by abutment); tools to support this
Timing analysis and verification
Logic synthesis (huge advances in the past decade)
We don't expect most systems of 5-10 million components
to be flawless! (E.g., construction projects)
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